Original Article
Last edited and revised:
23 July, 2008 20:41
The formal DTD ENTITIES converted to readable tables by Oscar van Vlijmen. Extracted and amended by Terry Whetstone Harmon, M.D. , which will be indicated by cells highlighted in yellow (my preferred coding is in bold).
For a discussion of the Romanian (limba română) letters Ă, ă, Ş, ş, Ţ, ţ, see Wikipedia article: Discuţie Wikipedia:Diacritice, also Turkish. Wikipedia has an article on UTF-8 here. The most accepted coding is in bold type.
WARNING: Be aware that I.E. besmirches / mangles, if it recognizes the code at all or substitutes a “?”, [for] many of the codes.
Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986: Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
| by name | char | by the number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nbsp |   | U+00A0 | no-break space = non-breaking space | ISOnum | ||
| iexcl | ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | U+00A1 | inverted exclamation mark | ISOnum |
| cent | ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | U+00A2 | cent sign | ISOnum |
| pound | £ | £ | £ | U+00A3 | pound sign | ISOnum |
| curren | ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | U+00A4 | currency sign | ISOnum |
| yen | ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | U+00A5 | yen sign = yuan sign | ISOnum |
| brvbar | ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | U+00A6 | broken bar = broken vertical bar | ISOnum |
| sect | § | § | § | U+00A7 | section sign | ISOnum |
| uml | ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | U+00A8 | diaeresis = spacing diaeresis | ISOdia |
| copy | © | © | © | U+00A9 | copyright sign | ISOnum |
| ordf | ª | ª | ª | U+00AA | feminine ordinal indicator | ISOnum |
| laquo | « | « | « | U+00AB | left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet | ISOnum |
| not | ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | U+00AC | not sign = discretionary hyphen | ISOnum |
| shy | | ­ | | U+00AD | soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen | ISOnum |
| reg | ® | ® | ® | U+00AE | registered sign = registered trade mark sign | ISOnum |
| macr | ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | U+00AF | macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar | ISOdia |
| deg | ° | ° | ° | U+00B0 | degree sign | ISOnum |
| plusmn | ± | ± | ± | U+00B1 | plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign | ISOnum |
| sup2 | ² | ² | ² | U+00B2 | superscript two = superscript digit two = squared | ISOnum |
| sup3 | ³ | ³ | ³ | U+00B3 | superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed | ISOnum |
| acute | ´ | ´ | ´ | U+00B4 | acute accent = spacing acute | ISOdia |
| micro | µ | µ | µ | U+00B5 | micro sign | ISOnum |
| para | ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | U+00B6 | pilcrow sign = paragraph sign | ISOnum |
| middot | · | · | · | U+00B7 | middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot | ISOnum |
| cedil | ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | U+00B8 | cedilla = spacing cedilla or comma | ISOdia |
| sup1 | ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | U+00B9 | superscript one = superscript digit one | ISOnum |
| ordm | º | º | º | U+00BA | masculine ordinal indicator | ISOnum |
| raquo | » | » | » | U+00BB | right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet | ISOnum |
| frac14 | ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | U+00BC | vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter | ISOnum |
| frac12 | ½ | ½ | ½ | U+00BD | vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half | ISOnum |
| frac34 | ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | U+00BE | vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters | ISOnum |
| iquest | ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | U+00BF | inverted question mark = turned question mark | ISOnum |
| Agrave | À | À | À | U+00C0 | latin capital letter A with grave = latin capital letter A grave | ISOlat1 |
| Aacute | Á | Á | Á | U+00C1 | latin capital letter A with acute | ISOlat1 |
| Abreve | Ă | Ă | Ă | latin capital letter A with breve | ||
| Acirc | Â | Â | Â | U+00C2 | latin capital letter A with circumflex | ISOlat1 |
| Atilde | Ã | Ã | Ã | U+00C3 | latin capital letter A with tilde | ISOlat1 |
| Auml | Ä | Ä | Ä | U+00C4 | latin capital letter A with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
| Aring | Å | Å | Å | U+00C5 | latin capital letter A with ring above = latin capital letter A ring | ISOlat1 |
| AElig | Æ | Æ | Æ | U+00C6 | latin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AE | ISOlat1 |
| Ccedil | Ç | Ç | Ç | U+00C7 | latin capital letter C with cedilla or comma | ISOlat1 |
| Egrave | È | È | È | U+00C8 | latin capital letter E with grave | ISOlat1 |
| Eacute | É | É | É | U+00C9 | latin capital letter E with acute | ISOlat1 |
| Ecirc | Ê | Ê | Ê | U+00CA | latin capital letter E with circumflex | ISOlat1 |
| Euml | Ë | Ë | Ë | U+00CB | latin capital letter E with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
| Gbreve | Ğ | Ğ or Ğ | Ğ; | — | Turkish uppercase G with breve accent | — |
| Idot | İ | İ or İ | İ | &8212; | Turkish uppercase dotted I | — |
| Igrave | Ì | Ì | Ì | U+00CC | latin capital letter I with grave | ISOlat1 |
| Iacute | Í | Í | Í | U+00CD | latin capital letter I with acute | ISOlat1 |
| Icirc | Î | Î | Î | U+00CE | latin capital letter I with circumflex | ISOlat1 |
| Iuml | Ï | Ï | Ï | U+00CF | latin capital letter I with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
| ETH | Ð | Ð | Ð | U+00D0 | latin capital letter ETH | ISOlat1 |
| Ntilde | Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | U+00D1 | latin capital letter N with tilde | ISOlat1 |
| Ograve | Ò | Ò | Ò | U+00D2 | latin capital letter O with grave | ISOlat1 |
| Oacute | Ó | Ó | Ó | U+00D3 | latin capital letter O with acute | ISOlat1 |
| Ocirc | Ô | Ô | Ô | U+00D4 | latin capital letter O with circumflex | ISOlat1 |
| Otilde | Õ | Õ | Õ | U+00D5 | latin capital letter O with tilde | ISOlat1 |
| Ouml | Ö | Ö | Ö | U+00D6 | latin capital letter O with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
| times | × | × | × | U+00D7 | multiplication sign | ISOnum |
| Oslash | Ø | Ø | Ø | U+00D8 | latin capital letter O with stroke = latin capital letter O slash | ISOlat1 |
| Scedil | Ș or Ş | Ș or Ş | Ș | — | latin capital letter S with cedilla or comma | — |
| Tcedil | Ț or Ţ | Ț or Ţ | Ț | — | latin capital letter T with cedilla or comma | — |
| Ugrave | Ù | Ù | Ù | U+00D9 | latin capital letter U with grave | ISOlat1 |
| Uacute | Ú | Ú | Ú | U+00DA | latin capital letter U with acute | ISOlat1 |
| Ucirc | Û | Û | Û | U+00DB | latin capital letter U with circumflex | ISOlat1 |
| Uuml | Ü | Ü | Ü | U+00DC | latin capital letter U with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
| Yacute | Ý | Ý | Ý | U+00DD | latin capital letter Y with acute | ISOlat1 |
| THORN | Þ | Þ | Þ | U+00DE | latin capital letter THORN | ISOlat1 |
| szlig | ß | ß | ß | U+00DF | latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed | ISOlat1 |
| agrave | à | à | à | U+00E0 | latin small letter a with grave = latin small letter a grave | ISOlat1 |
| aacute | á | á | á | U+00E1 | latin small letter a with acute | ISOlat1 |
| abreve | ă | ă | ă | — | latin small letter a with breve | — |
| acirc | â | â | â | U+00E2 | latin small letter a with circumflex | ISOlat1 |
| atilde | ã | ã | ã | U+00E3 | latin small letter a with tilde | ISOlat1 |
| auml | ä | ä | ä | U+00E4 | latin small letter a with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
| aring | å | å | å | U+00E5 | latin small letter a with ring above = latin small letter a ring | ISOlat1 |
| aelig | æ | æ | æ | U+00E6 | latin small letter ae = latin small ligature ae | ISOlat1 |
| ccedil | ç | ç | ç | U+00E7 | latin small letter c with cedilla or comma | ISOlat1 |
| egrave | è | è | è | U+00E8 | latin small letter e with grave | ISOlat1 |
| eacute | é | é | é | U+00E9 | latin small letter e with acute | ISOlat1 |
| ecirc | ê | ê | ê | U+00EA | latin small letter e with circumflex | ISOlat1 |
| euml | ë | ë | ë | U+00EB | latin small letter e with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
| gbreve | ğ | ğ or ğ | ğ | — | Turkish lowercase “g” with a breve accent | — |
| ‘idotless’ | ı | ı or ı | ı | — | Turkish lowercase dotless “i” | — |
| igrave | ì | ì | ì | U+00EC | latin small letter i with grave | ISOlat1 |
| iacute | í | í | í | U+00ED | latin small letter i with acute | ISOlat1 |
| icirc | î | î | î | U+00EE | latin small letter i with circumflex | ISOlat1 |
| iuml | ï | ï | ï | U+00EF | latin small letter i with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
| eth | ð | ð | ð | U+00F0 | latin small letter eth | ISOlat1 |
| ntilde | ñ | ñ | ñ | U+00F1 | latin small letter n with tilde | ISOlat1 |
| ograve | ò | ò | ò | U+00F2 | latin small letter o with grave | ISOlat1 |
| oacute | ó | ó | ó | U+00F3 | latin small letter o with acute | ISOlat1 |
| ocirc | ô | ô | ô | U+00F4 | latin small letter o with circumflex | ISOlat1 |
| otilde | õ | õ | õ | U+00F5 | latin small letter o with tilde | ISOlat1 |
| ouml | ö | ö | ö | U+00F6 | latin small letter o with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
| divide | ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | U+00F7 | division sign | ISOnum |
| oslash | ø | ø | ø | U+00F8 | latin small letter o with stroke = latin small letter o slash | ISOlat1 |
| scedil | ș or ş | ș or ş | ș | — | latin small letter s with cedilla or comma | — |
| tcedil | ț or ţ | ț or ţ | ț | — | latin small letter t with cedilla or comma | — |
| ugrave | ù | ù | ù | U+00F9 | latin small letter u with grave | ISOlat1 |
| uacute | ú | ú | ú | U+00FA | latin small letter u with acute | ISOlat1 |
| ucirc | û | û | û | U+00FB | latin small letter u with circumflex | ISOlat1 |
| uuml | ü | ü | ü | U+00FC | latin small letter u with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
| yacute | ý | ý | ý | U+00FD | latin small letter y with acute | ISOlat1 |
| thorn | þ | þ | þ | U+00FE | latin small letter thorn with | ISOlat1 |
| yuml | ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | U+00FF | latin small letter y with diaeresis | ISOlat1 |
The apostrophe mark is not defined in the HTML 4 entities; appears for the first time in XHTML 1.0.
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| quot | " | " | " | U+0022 | quotation mark = APL quote | ISOnum |
| amp | & | & | & | U+0026 | ampersand | ISOnum |
| apos | ' | ' | ' | U+0027 | apostrophe mark | ISOnum |
| lt | < | < | < | U+003C | less-than sign | ISOnum |
| gt | > | > | > | U+003E | greater-than sign | ISOnum |
* oelig: ligature is a misnomer, this is a separate character in some languages
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OElig | Œ | Œ | Œ | U+0152 | latin capital ligature OE | ISOlat2 |
| oelig | œ | œ | œ | U+0153 | latin small ligature oe | ISOlat2 |
| Scaron | Š | Š | Š | U+0160 | latin capital letter S with caron | ISOlat2 |
| scaron | š | š | š | U+0161 | latin small letter s with caron | ISOlat2 |
| Yuml | Ÿ | Ÿ | Ÿ | U+0178 | latin capital letter Y with diaeresis | ISOlat2 |
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| circ | ˆ | ˆ | ˆ | U+02C6 | modifier letter circumflex accent | ISOpub |
| tilde | ˜ | ˜ | ˜ | U+02DC | small tilde | ISOdia |
* lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
* rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ensp |   | U+2002 | en space | ISOpub | ||
| emsp |   | U+2003 | em space | ISOpub | ||
| thinsp |   | U+2009 | thin space | ISOpub | ||
| zwnj | | ‌ | | U+200C | zero width non-joiner | NEW RFC 2070 |
| zwj | | ‍ | | U+200D | zero width joiner | NEW RFC 2070 |
| lrm | | ‎ | | U+200E | left-to-right mark | NEW RFC 2070 |
| rlm | | ‏ | | U+200F | right-to-left mark | NEW RFC 2070 |
| ndash | – | – | – | U+2013 | en dash | ISOpub |
| mdash | — | — | — | U+2014 | em dash | ISOpub |
| lsquo | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | U+2018 | left single quotation mark | ISOnum |
| rsquo | ’ | ’ | ’ | U+2019 | right single quotation mark | ISOnum |
| sbquo | ‚ | ‚ | ‚ | U+201A | single low-9 quotation mark | NEW |
| ldquo | “ | “ | “ | U+201C | left double quotation mark | ISOnum |
| rdquo | ” | ” | ” | U+201D | right double quotation mark | ISOnum |
| bdquo | „ | „ | „ | U+201E | double low-9 quotation mark | NEW |
| dagger | † | † | † | U+2020 | dagger | ISOpub |
| Dagger | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | U+2021 | double dagger | ISOpub |
| permil | ‰ | ‰ | ‰ | U+2030 | per mille sign | ISOtech |
| lsaquo | ‹ | ‹ | ‹ | U+2039 | single left-pointing angle quotation mark | ISOproposed |
| rsaquo | › | › | › | U+203A | single right-pointing angle quotation mark | ISOproposed |
| euro | € | € | € | U+20AC | euro sign | NEW |
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fnof | ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | U+0192 | latin small f with hook = function = florin | ISOtech |
*there is no Sigmaf, nor U+03A2 character
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha | Α | Α | Α | U+0391 | greek capital letter alpha | |
| Beta | Β | Β | Β | U+0392 | greek capital letter beta | |
| Gamma | Γ | Γ | Γ | U+0393 | greek capital letter gamma | ISOgrk3 |
| Delta | Δ | Δ | Δ | U+0394 | greek capital letter delta | ISOgrk3 |
| Epsilon | Ε | Ε | Ε | U+0395 | greek capital letter epsilon | |
| Zeta | Ζ | Ζ | Ζ | U+0396 | greek capital letter zeta | |
| Eta | Η | Η | Η | U+0397 | greek capital letter eta | |
| Theta | Θ | Θ | Θ | U+0398 | greek capital letter theta | ISOgrk3 |
| Iota | Ι | Ι | Ι | U+0399 | greek capital letter iota | |
| Kappa | Κ | Κ | Κ | U+039A | greek capital letter kappa | |
| Lambda | Λ | Λ | Λ | U+039B | greek capital letter lambda | ISOgrk3 |
| Mu | Μ | Μ | Μ | U+039C | greek capital letter mu | |
| Nu | Ν | Ν | Ν | U+039D | greek capital letter nu | |
| Xi | Ξ | Ξ | Ξ | U+039E | greek capital letter xi | ISOgrk3 |
| Omicron | Ο | Ο | Ο | U+039F | greek capital letter omicron | |
| Pi | Π | Π | Π | U+03A0 | greek capital letter pi | ISOgrk3 |
| Rho | Ρ | Ρ | Ρ | U+03A1 | greek capital letter rho | |
| Sigma | Σ | Σ | Σ | U+03A3 | greek capital letter sigma | ISOgrk3 |
| Tau | Τ | Τ | Τ | U+03A4 | greek capital letter tau | |
| Upsilon | Υ | Υ | Υ | U+03A5 | greek capital letter upsilon | ISOgrk3 |
| Phi | Φ | Φ | Φ | U+03A6 | greek capital letter phi | ISOgrk3 |
| Chi | Χ | Χ | Χ | U+03A7 | greek capital letter chi | |
| Psi | Ψ | Ψ | Ψ | U+03A8 | greek capital letter psi | ISOgrk3 |
| Omega | Ω | Ω | Ω | U+03A9 | greek capital letter omega | ISOgrk3 |
| alpha | α | α | α | U+03B1 | greek small letter alpha | ISOgrk3 |
| alpha acute | ά | ά | ά | — | greek small letter alpha with acute accent | — |
| beta | β | β | β | U+03B2 | greek small letter beta | ISOgrk3 |
| gamma | γ | γ | γ | U+03B3 | greek small letter gamma | ISOgrk3 |
| delta | δ | δ | δ | U+03B4 | greek small letter delta | ISOgrk3 |
| epsilon | ε | ε | ε | U+03B5 | greek small letter epsilon | ISOgrk3 |
| zeta | ζ | ζ | ζ | U+03B6 | greek small letter zeta | ISOgrk3 |
| eta | η | η | η | U+03B7 | greek small letter eta | ISOgrk3 |
| theta | θ | θ | θ | U+03B8 | greek small letter theta | ISOgrk3 |
| iota | ι | ι | ι | U+03B9 | greek small letter iota | ISOgrk3 |
| kappa | κ | κ | κ | U+03BA | greek small letter kappa | ISOgrk3 |
| lambda | λ | λ | λ | U+03BB | greek small letter lambda | ISOgrk3 |
| mu | μ | μ | μ | U+03BC | greek small letter mu | ISOgrk3 |
| nu | ν | ν | ν | U+03BD | greek small letter nu | ISOgrk3 |
| xi | ξ | ξ | ξ | U+03BE | greek small letter xi | ISOgrk3 |
| omicron | ο | ο | ο | U+03BF | greek small letter omicron | NEW |
| pi | π | π | π | U+03C0 | greek small letter pi | ISOgrk3 |
| rho | ρ | ρ | ρ | U+03C1 | greek small letter rho | ISOgrk3 |
| sigmaf | ς | ς | ς | U+03C2 | greek small letter final sigma | ISOgrk3 |
| sigma | σ | σ | σ | U+03C3 | greek small letter sigma | ISOgrk3 |
| tau | τ | τ | τ | U+03C4 | greek small letter tau | ISOgrk3 |
| upsilon | υ | υ | υ | U+03C5 | greek small letter upsilon | ISOgrk3 |
| phi | φ | φ | φ | U+03C6 | greek small letter phi | ISOgrk3 |
| chi | χ | χ | χ | U+03C7 | greek small letter chi | ISOgrk3 |
| psi | ψ | ψ | ψ | U+03C8 | greek small letter psi | ISOgrk3 |
| omega | ω | ω | ω | U+03C9 | greek small letter omega | ISOgrk3 |
| thetasym | ϑ | ϑ | ϑ | U+03D1 | greek small letter theta symbol | NEW |
| upsih | ϒ | ϒ | ϒ | U+03D2 | greek upsilon with hook symbol | NEW |
| piv | ϖ | ϖ | ϖ | U+03D6 | greek pi symbol | ISOgrk3 |
* bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator, U+2219
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bull | • | • | • | U+2022 | bullet = black small circle | ISOpub |
| hellip | … | … | … | U+2026 | horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader | ISOpub |
| prime | ′ | ′ | ′ | U+2032 | prime = minutes = feet | ISOtech |
| Prime | ″ | ″ | ″ | U+2033 | double prime = seconds = inches | ISOtech |
| oline | ‾ | ‾ | ‾ | U+203E | overline = spacing overscore | NEW |
| frasl | ⁄ | ⁄ | ⁄ | U+2044 | fraction slash | NEW |
* alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef, U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| weierp | ℘ | ℘ | ℘ | U+2118 | script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p | ISOamso |
| image | ℑ | ℑ | ℑ | U+2111 | blackletter capital I = imaginary part | ISOamso |
| real | ℜ | ℜ | ℜ | U+211C | blackletter capital R = real part symbol | ISOamso |
| trade | ™ | ™ | ™ | U+2122 | trade mark sign | ISOnum |
| alefsym | ℵ | ℵ | ℵ | U+2135 | alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal | NEW |
* Unicode does not say that lArr is the same as the 'is implied by' arrow but
also does not have any other character for that function. So ? lArr can be used
for 'is implied by' as ISOtech suggests
* Unicode does not say rArr is the 'implies' character but does not have another
character with this function so ? rArr can be used for 'implies' as ISOtech
suggests
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| larr | ← | ← | ← | U+2190 | leftwards arrow | ISOnum |
| uarr | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | U+2191 | upwards arrow | ISOnum |
| rarr | → | → | → | U+2192 | rightwards arrow | ISOnum |
| darr | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | U+2193 | downwards arrow | ISOnum |
| harr | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | U+2194 | left right arrow | ISOamsa |
| crarr | ↵ | ↵ | ↵ | U+21B5 | downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return | NEW |
| lArr | ⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ | U+21D0 | leftwards double arrow | ISOtech |
| uArr | ⇑ | ⇑ | ⇑ | U+21D1 | upwards double arrow | ISOamsa |
| rArr | ⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ | U+21D2 | rightwards double arrow | ISOtech |
| dArr | ⇓ | ⇓ | ⇓ | U+21D3 | downwards double arrow | ISOamsa |
| hArr | ⇔ | ⇔ | ⇔ | U+21D4 | left right double arrow | ISOamsa |
* should there be a more memorable name than 'ni'?
* prod is NOT the same character as U+03A0 'greek capital letter pi' though the
same glyph might be used for both
* sum is NOT the same character as U+03A3 'greek capital letter sigma' though the
same glyph might be used for both
* sim: tilde operator is NOT the same character as the tilde, U+007E, although
the same glyph might be used to represent both
* note that nsup, 'not a superset of, U+2283' is not covered by the Symbol font
encoding and is not included. Should it be, for symmetry? It is in ISOamsn
* sdot: dot operator is NOT the same character as U+00B7 middle dot
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| forall | ∀ | ∀ | ∀ | U+2200 | for all | ISOtech |
| part | ∂ | ∂ | ∂ | U+2202 | partial differential | ISOtech |
| exist | ∃ | ∃ | ∃ | U+2203 | there exists | ISOtech |
| empty | ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | U+2205 | empty set = null set = diameter | ISOamso |
| nabla | ∇ | ∇ | ∇ | U+2207 | nabla = backward difference | ISOtech |
| isin | ∈ | ∈ | ∈ | U+2208 | element of | ISOtech |
| notin | ∉ | ∉ | ∉ | U+2209 | not an element of | ISOtech |
| ni | ∋ | ∋ | ∋ | U+220B | contains as member | ISOtech |
| prod | ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | U+220F | n-ary product = product sign | ISOamsb |
| sum | ∑ | ∑ | ∑ | U+2211 | n-ary sumation | ISOamsb |
| minus | − | − | − | U+2212 | minus sign | ISOtech |
| lowast | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | U+2217 | asterisk operator | ISOtech |
| radic | √ | √ | √ | U+221A | square root = radical sign | ISOtech |
| prop | ∝ | ∝ | ∝ | U+221D | proportional to | ISOtech |
| infin | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | U+221E | infinity | ISOtech |
| ang | ∠ | ∠ | ∠ | U+2220 | angle | ISOamso |
| and | ∧ | ∧ | ∧ | U+2227 | logical and = wedge | ISOtech |
| or | ∨ | ∨ | ∨ | U+2228 | logical or = vee | ISOtech |
| cap | ∩ | ∩ | ∩ | U+2229 | intersection = cap | ISOtech |
| cup | ∪ | ∪ | ∪ | U+222A | union = cup | ISOtech |
| int | ∫ | ∫ | ∫ | U+222B | integral | ISOtech |
| there4 | ∴ | ∴ | ∴ | U+2234 | therefore | ISOtech |
| sim | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | U+223C | tilde operator = varies with = similar to | ISOtech |
| cong | ≅ | ≅ | ≅ | U+2245 | approximately equal to | ISOtech |
| asymp | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | U+2248 | almost equal to = asymptotic to | ISOamsr |
| ne | ≠ | ≠ | ≠ | U+2260 | not equal to | ISOtech |
| equiv | ≡ | ≡ | ≡ | U+2261 | identical to | ISOtech |
| le | ≤ | ≤ | ≤ | U+2264 | less-than or equal to | ISOtech |
| ge | ≥ | ≥ | ≥ | U+2265 | greater-than or equal to | ISOtech |
| sub | ⊂ | ⊂ | ⊂ | U+2282 | subset of | ISOtech |
| sup | ⊃ | ⊃ | ⊃ | U+2283 | superset of | ISOtech |
| nsub | ⊄ | ⊄ | ⊄ | U+2284 | not a subset of | ISOamsn |
| sube | ⊆ | ⊆ | ⊆ | U+2286 | subset of or equal to | ISOtech |
| supe | ⊇ | ⊇ | ⊇ | U+2287 | superset of or equal to | ISOtech |
| oplus | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | U+2295 | circled plus = direct sum | ISOamsb |
| otimes | ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | U+2297 | circled times = vector product | ISOamsb |
| perp | ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | U+22A5 | up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular | ISOtech |
| sdot | ⋅ | ⋅ | ⋅ | U+22C5 | dot operator | ISOamsb |
* lang is NOT the same character as U+003C 'less than' or U+2039 'single
left-pointing angle quotation mark'
* rang is NOT the same character as U+003E 'greater than' or U+203A 'single
right-pointing angle quotation mark'
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lceil | ⌈ | ⌈ | ⌈ | U+2308 | left ceiling = apl upstile | ISOamsc |
| rceil | ⌉ | ⌉ | ⌉ | U+2309 | right ceiling | ISOamsc |
| lfloor | ⌊ | ⌊ | ⌊ | U+230A | left floor = apl downstile | ISOamsc |
| rfloor | ⌋ | ⌋ | ⌋ | U+230B | right floor | ISOamsc |
| lang | 〈 | 〈 | 〈 | U+2329 | left-pointing angle bracket = bra | ISOtech |
| rang | 〉 | 〉 | 〉 | U+232A | right-pointing angle bracket = ket | ISOtech |
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| loz | ◊ | ◊ | ◊ | U+25CA | lozenge | ISOpub |
* black here seems to mean filled as opposed to hollow
| by name | char | by number | char | Unicode | description | standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| spades | ♠ | ♠ | ♠ | U+2660 | black spade suit | ISOpub |
| clubs | ♣ | ♣ | ♣ | U+2663 | black club suit = shamrock | ISOpub |
| hearts | ♥ | ♥ | ♥ | U+2665 | black heart suit = valentine | ISOpub |
| diams | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | U+2666 | black diamond suit | ISOpub |
Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986:
Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with conforming SGML systems and
applications as defined in ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
Converted to tables by Oscar van Vlijmen, 1999-11-21
URL-alias of this page: http://ovv.club.tip.nl/EntitiesXHTML1.html
Last modification date: 2000-12-22